SPECIAL TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSIS
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
Immunohistochemical (ICH) techniques are used in diagnostic pathology for the detection of infectious agents in animal tissue samples or to allow a more precise classification of neoplastic diseases. The following antibodies are available:
| Antibody | Antigen | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| CD3 | T Lymphocytes | T-cell Lymphoma |
| CD79a | B Lymphocytes (canine) | B-cell Lymphoma |
| CD45R | B Lymphocytes (feline) | B-cell Lymphoma |
| MHCII | Dendritic cells | Hystiocytic disease |
| PAX5 | B Lymphocytes | B-cell Lymphoma |
| CD31 | Endothelial cells | Haemangioma/ Haemangiosarcoma |
| E Cadherine | Epithelial and dendritic cells | Histiocytic disorders / metastasis |
| CD18 (canine) | Integrine alfaXbeta2 / LFA1 | Leukocyte disorders (PMN, NK) |
| CD18 (feline) | Integrine alfaXbeta2 / LFA1 | Leukocyte disorders (PMN, NK) |
| Lambda Chains | B-Lymphocytes / Plasma cells | B-cell Lymphoma / Myeloma |
| CD11d | Integrine alfaD | Monocytic / Macrophage disorders |
| Triptase | Mast Cells | Mast cell tumors |
| Kappa Chains | B-Lymphocytes / Plasma cells | B-cell Lymphoma / Myeloma |
| Myoglobin | Striated muscle | Rhabdomyosarcoma |
| TNF alfa | TNF alfa | Proinflammatory cytokine |
| IL6 | Interleuquine 6 | Proinflammatory cytokine |
| CD117 | ckit | Mast cell tumors |
| Factor VIII | Endothelial cells | Hemangioma / Hemangiosarcoma |
| MAC387 | Macrophages | Myelomonocytic disorders |
| Alpha Actin | Smooth muscle | Leiomyoma / Leiomyosarcoma / Myoepithelium |
| Cytokeratins | Epithelial cells | Carcinoma |
| Vimentin | Mesenchymal cells | Sarcoma |
| Melan A | Melanocytes | Melanoma |
| S100 | S100 | Periphereral Nerve Sheath Tumour / Melanoma |
| GFAP | GFAP | Glial tumour |
| Synaptophysin | Synaptic vesicles | Neuroendocrine Tumour |
| Desmin | Smooth and striated muscle | Muscular Tumour |
| NF | Neurofilaments | Neural / Endocrine Tumour |
| PCNA | S- and G1-Phase of cellular cycle | Proliferation grade |
| Ki67 | S-, G1- and G2-Phase of cellular cycle | Proliferation grade |
| ANTIBODIES TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS |
|---|
| Feline coronavirus (FcoV) |
| Feline calicivirus (FCV) |
| Feline herpesvirus (FHV) |
| Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) |
| Canine and feline parvovirus (FPV / CPV) |
| Distemper (CDV) |
| Borna disease virus (BDV) |
| Toxoplasma gondii |
| Neospora caninum |
| Anaplasma phagocytophylum |
| Helicobacter spp. |
| Leishmania infantum |
| Clamidia psitacii |
| Coxiella burnetti |
| Salmonella spp. |
MOLECULAR TESTS
Molecular tests (PCR) are used for the detection of mutations in Mast Cell neoplasia (MCT), to evaluate the response to treatment with Tyrosin Kinase inhibitors (TKI), as well as in lymphoproliferative disorders, allowing the distinction between lymphoid reactivity and lymphoma. In the case of lymphoma molecular tests also define the phenotype of the lymphoid neoplastic cells.
PROGNOSTIC TESTS
Prognostic Tests are used to evaluate the prognosis of specific neoplastic diseases in terms of aggressiveness, Median Survival Time (MST) and Disease-Free Interval (DFI). Markers of proliferation proteins and enzymes are used.
| TECHNIQUE | APPLICABILITY | |
|---|---|---|
| CANINE LYMPHOMA | PCR | Objective differentiation between reactive and neoplastic proliferation. Assessment of prognosis through phenotype |
| CANINE LYMPHOMA | ICH | Subjective differentiation between reactive and neoplastic proliferation. Assessment of prognosis through phenotype |
| FELINE LYMPHOMA | PCR | Objective differentiation between reactive and neoplastic proliferation. Typing T / B |
| FELINE LYMPHOMA | ICH | Subjective differentiation between reactive and neoplastic proliferation. Typing T / B |
| FELINE ALIMENTARY LYMPHOMA | PCR | Objective differentiation between lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (IBD) and alimentary lymphoma |
| FELINE ALIMENTARY LYMPHOMA | ICH | Subjective differentiation between lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (IBD) and alimentary lymphoma |
| MASTOCITOMA CANINO | PCR | Objective assessment of mutations. Information about MST and DFI. Prognosis for mortality associated to tumor, recurrences and efficacy of conventional chemotherapy as well as TKI therapy |
| CANINE MAST CELL TUMOR | ICQ | Subjective assessment of mutations. Information about MST and DFI |
| CANINE MAST CELL TUMOR | ICH | Differentiation between “low grade” and “high grade” MCTs, and information about MST as well as possibility of recurrences and metastasis |
| CANINE AND FELINE MAMMARY CARCINOMA | ICH | Information about MST |
| CANINE OSTEOSARCOMA | ICH | Information about DFI |
| CANINE MELANOMA | ICH | Information about degree, MST and DFI |